{"id":1076,"date":"2020-12-10T20:08:50","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T20:08:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nz.legalvision.com.au\/?p=1076"},"modified":"2025-07-03T19:53:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T06:53:28","slug":"choosing-structure-new-zealand-business-sole-trader-partnership-or-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/choosing-structure-new-zealand-business-sole-trader-partnership-or-company\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the Most Common Business Structures in New Zealand?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When establishing a business in New Zealand, choosing the right structure is an important step. This decision impacts various aspects of your business, including liability, tax obligations, and operational flexibility. This article talks about the most common business structures in New Zealand, highlighting their key features, advantages, and legal considerations so you can choose the right structure for your business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Sole Trader<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/operate-business-as-sole-trader-new-zealand\/\">sole trader<\/a> is the simplest business structure in New Zealand. In this model, an individual operates the business in their own name, with the business and owner considered the same entity under law. This structure offers simplicity in setup and operation, making it popular for testing business ideas. It allows you to test the market with your business idea to see if it is viable without putting in time and money to set up a company.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it is important to note that sole traders lack the liability protections provided to a company structure by the <em>Companies Act 1993<\/em>. This means you are personally responsible for all business debts and obligations, potentially putting your personal assets at risk. As the business grows, you may want to consider transitioning to other structures for greater protection and separation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While offering flexibility, sole traders must still comply with relevant legislation, such as the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Fair Trading Act 1986<\/em>; and\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Goods and Services Tax Act 1985<\/em>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Partnership<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/operating-partnership-business-in-new-zealand\/\">partnership<\/a> involves two or more individuals or entities carrying on business together with a view to profit. Partnerships in New Zealand are governed by the <em>Partnership Act 1908<\/em> and any partnership agreement between the parties.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like sole traders, partnerships are not separate legal entities from the partners. Partners are jointly and severally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership, unless otherwise agreed under a partnership agreement. Partnerships are not taxed as separate entities; instead, partners are taxed individually on their share of the partnership income.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--idea\">\n    <p>This can work well if you and a friend are considering starting a business together. However, it is important to remember that you are more exposed to liability under this structure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"not-prose\">0800 005 570<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    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Limited Partnership<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Introduced by the <em>Limited Partnerships Act 2008<\/em>, this structure combines elements of partnerships and companies. It consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>general partners (responsible for management); and\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>limited partners (passive investors).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A limited partnership is a separate legal entity from its partners. This separate entity means, as a limited partner, your liability is restricted to your capital contribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Company<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A company is a separate legal entity incorporated under the <em>Companies Act 1993<\/em>. It is the most common structure for businesses of significant size or complexity in New Zealand; however, you can have a company regardless of your business size.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A company has a legal existence separate from its shareholders. Having a separate entity means liability rests with the company, and not on you as an individual.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies must comply with various governance requirements, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>appointing directors;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maintaining statutory records; and\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>filing annual returns.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liability Under the Company Structure <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Although your liability as an individual is limited, there are duties imposed on directors and <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporations\/how-many-shareholders-company\/\">shareholders of a business<\/a>. Failure to uphold these duties can still mean you are exposed to liability.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owners of a company are called shareholders. They buy shares in the company, which represent their stake in the business. Shareholders&#8217; financial risk is usually limited to the amount they&#8217;ve invested.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, companies are run by directors. Directors make important decisions and are responsible for the company&#8217;s management. They have legal duties, such as acting in the company&#8217;s best interests and avoiding conflicts of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/10\/11133736\/NZ-Directors-Duties-560x792-1.jpg\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">NZ Directors Duties<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>Understand your role as a director and how to meet your legal obligations. Download our free guide today.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.nz\/nz-directors-duties-guide.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Structures&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several other business structures in New Zealand such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Look-through Companies (LTC):<\/strong> A LTC combines the features of a limited liability company with the tax treatment of a partnership. In an LTC, the company&#8217;s income, losses, tax credits, and rebates are passed through to its shareholders, who are taxed individually on their share of the company&#8217;s income while maintaining the limited liability protection offered by a traditional company structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trading Trust:<\/strong> This is a business structure where a trust operates a commercial enterprise. In this arrangement, trustees manage the business on behalf of the beneficiaries, combining the asset protection features of a trust with the ability to conduct business activities.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cooperative:<\/strong> The members of a cooperative own and operate it for their mutual benefit. Governed by the <em>Co-operative Companies Act 1996<\/em>, cooperatives operate on a democratic basis where each member typically has one vote regardless of their investment.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These structures are much less common, but still options for your business.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Choosing the right business structure in New Zealand requires careful consideration of various factors, including liability protection, tax implications, and operational requirements. Each structure has its own set of legal obligations and considerations under New Zealand law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are starting a business, our experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-lawyers-lp-new-zealand\">business lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0800 005 570<\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880258379\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is the best type of business structure?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The best business structure is the one that best suits your individual needs. If you want to operate a small business with low set-up costs and fewer reporting requirements, a sole trader structure may be ideal. Alternatively, you may benefit from a partnership structure if you want to share the responsibilities, profits and losses of your business. Finally, a company may be best if you want to protect your personal assets and limit your liability.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606989773267\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Should I start my business as a partnership or a company?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Whether you should set up a partnership or a company will depend primarily on your operations and the way you want to distribute your profits and losses. As a partnership, you can share responsibility for the business among other people. This allows you to share profits and losses among all the partners. However, it can be complex to set up and sell your business. In contrast, a company is a unique legal entity with a capped liability. This also makes it easy to sell your company.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When establishing a business in New Zealand, choosing the right structure is an important step. This decision impacts various aspects of your business, including liability, tax obligations, and operational flexibility. This article talks about the most common business structures in New Zealand, highlighting their key features, advantages, and legal considerations so you can choose the<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/choosing-structure-new-zealand-business-sole-trader-partnership-or-company\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What are the Most Common Business Structures in New Zealand?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13496,"featured_media":215618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[24,30,62,101,110],"class_list":["post-1076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-structures","tag-startup","tag-company","tag-business-structure","tag-partnership","tag-sole-trader"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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of business structure?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The best business structure is the one that best suits your individual needs. If you want to operate a small business with low set-up costs and fewer reporting requirements, a sole trader structure may be ideal. Alternatively, you may benefit from a partnership structure if you want to share the responsibilities, profits and losses of your business. Finally, a company may be best if you want to protect your personal assets and limit your liability.","inLanguage":"en-NZ"},"inLanguage":"en-NZ"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/choosing-structure-new-zealand-business-sole-trader-partnership-or-company\/#faq-question-1606989773267","name":"Should I start my business as a partnership or a company?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Whether you should set up a partnership or a company will depend primarily on your operations and the way you want to distribute your profits and losses. As a partnership, you can share responsibility for the business among other people. This allows you to share profits and losses among all the partners. However, it can be complex to set up and sell your business. In contrast, a company is a unique legal entity with a capped liability. This also makes it easy to sell your company.","inLanguage":"en-NZ"},"inLanguage":"en-NZ"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/13496"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229182,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1076\/revisions\/229182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/215618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}