{"id":1292,"date":"2020-12-15T11:26:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T11:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nz.legalvision.com.au\/?p=1292"},"modified":"2024-05-06T19:53:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T06:53:48","slug":"differences-between-a-public-company-and-a-private-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporations\/differences-between-a-public-company-and-a-private-company\/","title":{"rendered":"Public vs Private Companies in NZ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While most companies in New Zealand are private, it is often the public companies that draw attention and news headlines, such as when a company\u2019s share price dives, or declares record profit. However, it can often be confusing to understand the differences between private and public companies, and what actually changes when a company \u201cgoes public\u201d. This article sets out the key differences between private and public companies.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/21140438\/NZ-Startup-Manual-251x360-2.png\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">NZ Startup Manual: A Legal Handbook For Founders<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>Essential reading for anyone building their startup. This free guide includes practical advice and seven real-life case studies.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.nz\/NZ-Startup-Manual.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Raising Money from the General Public<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most well-known distinction between private and public companies is the ability for the general public to invest in the latter. Public companies \u201clist\u201d themselves on a stock exchange, such as the NZX in New Zealand. Almost anyone can then buy or sell stocks in that company through this exchange. Private companies c<\/span>annot trade<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on stock exchanges, and cannot easily raise money from the public.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Being a public company means having to abide by much stricter rules and regulations i<\/span>n comparison<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to private companies. The reason why public companies are willing to do this is because being able to raise money from the public is extremely valuable. Some advantages of listing as a public company include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">being able to raise a large amount of cash very quickly in order to finance the growth or expansion of the business;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">increased exposure for your brand and business through the listing process, including in the media and investment community;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">getting a more objective valuation for your company; and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">increasing the liquidity of your company\u2019s shares by letting them trade on a \u2018liquid\u2019 market, e.g. where o<\/span>thers can buy and sell them<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> easily.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Disclosure Requirements<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ublic companies <\/span>have to make <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">more disclosures i<\/span>n comparison<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to private companies in New Zealand. For instance, directors of public companies must ensure they disclose information that might influence the price of the company\u2019s shares, and c<\/span>annot<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> keep this information to themselves (or they risk allegations of \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/regulatory-and-compliance\/steer-clear-insider-trading\/\">insider trading<\/a>\u2019).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are other kinds of disclosure requirements in New Zealand.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An example of a new requirement is the recently-announced mandatory disclosure for climate-related risks. This new policy will come into effect in 2023, and will require public companies (and other organisations, such as asset managers) to disclose their climate risks.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many companies prefer the flexibility of being a private company, without most of these disclosure obligations and the costly and time-consuming burden they can represent each year.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" 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Public companies must release a financial report every financial year, typically alongside a commentary or report written by the company\u2019s directors. This can be an expensive and time-consuming process. The same obligation does not apply to most private companies.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, the law in New Zealand does require some large New Zealand companies also to file financial reports.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if your <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">New Zealand company is a subsidiary of an overseas company<\/span> (for the purpose of incorporation)<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span> then you<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> must also submit financial reports if the<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">total assets for the company and its subsidiaries are worth more than $20 million; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">total revenue for the company is more than $10 million.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A NZ company with 25 per cent or more of its shares held overseas are similarly required to submit financial reports, if:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">total assets for the company and its subsidiaries are more than $60 million; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">total revenue for the company is more than $30 million.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--info box--icon\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The definition of<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u201cheld overseas\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> refers to shares held either by a company incorporated outside New Zealand, or a person who does not usually live in New Zealand.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The main difference between a public company and a private company in New Zealand is that the general public can invest in public companies, typically through a stock exchange like the NZX. Being \u201clisted\u201d on a stock exchange, and being able to raise money through the public, carries a lot of benefits for companies.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, there are a lot of additional rules and obligations that apply to public companies in exchange for the privilege of selling shares to the general public. These include disclosure obligations, which generally reflect the idea that the company cannot keep any important information from shareholders, particularly if that information would affect the share price. Other obligations involve additional financial reporting, which also affects some large private companies. These obligations can be quite expensive and demanding to meet, which is why many companies (particularly smaller companies) choose to stay private. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you want to know more about the differences between private and public companies in New Zealand, our experienced <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporate-lawyers-lp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">corporate l<\/span>awyers<\/a>\u00a0can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0800 005 570<\/a>\u00a0or visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/membership\/\">membership page.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880228344\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Can private companies raise money from the public?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Generally, no. Only public companies that undergo significant obligations and additional disclosure requirements are allowed to sell shares to the public. This rule aims to protect the general public and provide certainty to those who want to invest in New Zealand companies.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880258379\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Do any private companies need to disclose financial information?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Yes, some large companies do need to complete comprehensive financial disclosures each year. Whether companies need to depends on how large they are (typically over $10m revenue) and the extent to which they are owned by overseas-based investors.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880271477\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is climate risk reporting?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A new requirement for public companies and some specific private companies in the financial sector, beginning in 2023. These companies will need to report on the risks posed to the company by climate change.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606989773267\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Why do companies go public?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">While there are a variety of reasons, often companies want to \u201cgo public\u201d so that they can raise money by selling a large number of shares to investors, and fund growth. Companies also receive additional exposure, including in the media and investment community.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"90c4126e1b\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1292\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporations\/differences-between-a-public-company-and-a-private-company\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"Public vs Private Companies in NZ\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While most companies in New Zealand are private, it is often the public companies that draw attention and news headlines, such as when a company\u2019s share price dives, or declares record profit. However, it can often be confusing to understand the differences between private and public companies, and what actually changes when a company \u201cgoes<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporations\/differences-between-a-public-company-and-a-private-company\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;Public vs Private Companies in NZ&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13235,"featured_media":105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"208895,203345,209467,206244,202036,702","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[30,175,176,177],"class_list":["post-1292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporations","tag-company","tag-capital-raising","tag-public-company","tag-reporting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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