{"id":1738,"date":"2020-12-21T00:09:05","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T00:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nz.legalvision.com.au\/?p=1738"},"modified":"2023-03-29T12:39:41","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T23:39:41","slug":"holding-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the Advantages of a Holding Company in New Zealand?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As your business grows and becomes more successful, you may consider establishing a holding company to make your business more efficient and protect your interests. At first glance, the structure of a holding company can be complicated. To help, this article explains:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">what a holding company is;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">how it works; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">some potential benefits of this business structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is a Company?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A company is a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/limited-liability\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">separate legal entity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, meaning it can have rights, obligations and protections in commercial law as a person would. Companies also have limited liability, meaning your personal assets are separated from the debts and liabilities incurred by the company.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shareholders who invest in the company are only liable for:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">money owing on the shares they purchase; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">personal guarantees they have given to lenders or creditors.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You may decide to incorporate your business into a company, which means registering it with the NZ Companies Register at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/companies-register.companiesoffice.govt.nz\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Companies Office<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Registering your business as a company involves putting it on a public register. Consequently, anyone can go online and look up:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">who the directors of your new company are; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">who has shares in your company.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Each company in New Zealand needs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a unique name;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an address of service;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a contact office; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">at least one share, one shareholder and one director.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding Companies<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding companies are used by businesses of all sizes and in all industries. They have all the same obligations and rights a regular company would have. However, the key difference is what you use a holding company for.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A holding company, also known as a \u2018parent company\u2019, holds the assets of a subsidiary in its own name. The holding company does not manufacture anything, sell any products or services, deliver any customer-related operations or conduct any other business operations. Instead, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/corporations\/subsidiary-company\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">subsidiary company<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> becomes an operating company. As such, it enters into commercial contracts and handles the day-to-day operations of the business.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To qualify under the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Companies Act<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a holding company must:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">control the makeup of the board of the subsidiary company; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">control more than half the votes that can be used at a meeting of the subsidiary company; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hold more than half the shares of the subsidiary company; or<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">have the right to receive more than half of the dividends paid on shares issued by the subsidiary company.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If your subsidiary company has a holding company, you must notify the Companies Office of any changes in your business structure. Importantly, there must be transparency in who has control over your company.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"not-prose\">0800 005 570<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    <script>\nvar 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These assets may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">intellectual property;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">property;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">capital; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">equipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once your holding company has the assets in its name, the operating company can take on the day-to-day running of the business. Notably, a creditor of the operating company cannot claim the assets of the holding company. As such, if something goes wrong in the operating company, you have protected your assets in the holding company against:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">creditors; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">other potential liabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reducing Risk<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is an inherent risk in maintaining all of your valuable assets and trading with the same company. For example, if an investment falls through, you run the risk of losing your assets and the business all in one fell swoop.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By separating your assets with a holding company and keeping the daily trading of the business to the operating company, you reduce this risk. Likewise, the debts of the operating company belong to the operating company alone and cannot impact the holding company.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central Corporate Control<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Holding companies must have control over subsidiary companies, which can manifest in the ways outlined earlier. This means that there is a central system of control running throughout your corporate structure.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central control can be beneficial, as directors of holding companies can more easily implement decisions that affect all subsidiary companies. It also means that assets are pooled in one company\u2019s name so that the company can make decisions about those assets as a whole. This makes the decision-making process much more manageable.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flexibility for Growth and Development<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With valuable assets kept safely concentrated in the holding company\u2019s name, this means that your operating company can:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">diversify its practices more efficiently; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">take on new investments and leave investments as need be.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Companies often launch with a relatively narrow business purpose which develops and expands over time. For example, where you begin to offer new products or lines of business, you might want to separate these from your company. Therefore, you could hold and launch these either in a holding company or through a separate operating company.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Succession Planning<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having a centralised control system means that succession planning is easier if key employees leave any of your companies. For example, suppose a key employee leaves one of your operating companies. In that case, other employees do not have to take time away from daily business operations to find new staff. Instead, members of the holding company can do so.<\/span><\/p>\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/10\/11133736\/NZ-Directors-Duties-560x792-1.jpg\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">NZ Directors Duties<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>Understand your role as a director and how to meet your legal obligations. Download our free guide today.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.nz\/nz-directors-duties-guide.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adding a holding company into your business structure can be useful for a variety of reasons. Namely, it adds an extra level of protection for your valuable assets because you hold them under a separate legal entity. Meanwhile, the subsidiary operating company takes on the risk of the business&#8217; day-to-day operations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you would like more information or help with incorporating a holding company into your business structure, our experienced <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-lawyers-lp-new-zealand\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">business lawyers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&nbsp;can <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents for a low monthly fee. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0800 005 570<\/a> or visit our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/membership\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">membership page<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880228344\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is a company?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A company is one method of structuring your business. You create a separate legal entity with a unique name and it can operate under the law much as a person can. Additionally, it can own property, be liable to claims and conduct business.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880258379\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is a holding company?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A holding company is a type of company defined by its purpose. It generally does not conduct business but holds the assets of a subsidiary company. This means that the subsidiary company conducts the majority of business operations for both companies.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880271477\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What are the advantages of a holding company?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Holding your assets in a separate company means that the subsidiary company can conduct business without the risk of losing its assets if something goes wrong. If a separate company holds your assets, creditors are less likely to claim them if your subsidiary company becomes insolvent. This protection of assets and mitigation of risk also means that your company can more confidently take on new investments and diversify its practices more efficiently.\u00a0<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606989773267\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Do I need to register my holding company on the NZ Companies Register?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">If your company has a holding company that holds a majority of your shares or some other method of control, you need to inform the Companies Office. You must also keep them updated every year in your annual returns.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"ed19fd34f0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1738\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What are the Advantages of a Holding Company in New Zealand?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As your business grows and becomes more successful, you may consider establishing a holding company to make your business more efficient and protect your interests. At first glance, the structure of a holding company can be complicated. To help, this article explains:&nbsp; what a holding company is;&nbsp; how it works; and&nbsp; some potential benefits of<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What are the Advantages of a Holding Company in New Zealand?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13388,"featured_media":804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"202036,218413,214864,1288,219097,1205","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[25,54,61,201,236],"class_list":["post-1738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-structures","tag-small-business","tag-medium-business","tag-holding-company","tag-company-structure","tag-business-structuring"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the Advantages of a Holding Company? | LegalVision<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article explains what a holding company is,\u00a0how it works and\u00a0some potential benefits of implementing this business structure.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the Advantages of a Holding Company? | LegalVision\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article explains what a holding company is,\u00a0how it works and\u00a0some potential benefits of implementing this business structure.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LegalVision New Zealand\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalVision\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-21T00:09:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-28T23:39:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Death_to_Stock_A_New_Way_Of_Work_1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tayler Berridge-Smith\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@LegalVision_law\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@LegalVision_law\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tayler Berridge-Smith\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tayler Berridge-Smith\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/#\/schema\/person\/6c48ae54ef07bfb9da8c62f8594bd91e\"},\"headline\":\"What are the Advantages of a Holding Company in New Zealand?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-21T00:09:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-28T23:39:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\"},\"wordCount\":1233,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Death_to_Stock_A_New_Way_Of_Work_1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"small business\",\"medium business\",\"holding company\",\"company structure\",\"business structuring\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Business Structuring Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-NZ\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/holding-company\/\",\"name\":\"What are the Advantages of a Holding Company? 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