{"id":1749,"date":"2020-12-21T01:37:15","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T01:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nz.legalvision.com.au\/?p=1749"},"modified":"2022-10-31T13:04:16","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T00:04:16","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-a-corporate-trustee-and-an-individual-trustee-in-nz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/what-is-the-difference-between-a-corporate-trustee-and-an-individual-trustee-in-nz\/","title":{"rendered":"Corporate vs Individual Trustees in NZ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you are setting up a trust, a key part of the process is deciding who you would like for your trustees. This depends on the purpose of your trust, and how you want it to function in the future. Depending on those circumstances, who you choose for your trustees may change. This article will explain two possible kinds of trustees you can choose from: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/corporate-trustee\/\">corporate trustee<\/a> or individual trustee. It will also cover what trustees duties are and how this plays out in the overall functioning of the trust itself.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/21140438\/NZ-Startup-Manual-251x360-2.png\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">NZ Startup Manual: A Legal Handbook For Founders<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>Essential reading for anyone building their startup. This free guide includes practical advice and seven real-life case studies.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.nz\/NZ-Startup-Manual.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is a Trust?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A trust is a way that you can manage your assets and gain income from them, without owning the assets yourself. This means that you have a variety of protections available to you. It works like this:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You, the settlor, gives or sells your assets (such as real estate, a business, or other capital) to another person (the trustee) to manage and maintain. The trustee manages and maintains the trust assets for the benefit of someone else (the beneficiary). The settlor can be a trustee or a beneficiary, or even both. The trust is the legal relationship between these people. It is its own entity for tax purposes, but in any other legal way it is not. Benefits to a trust can include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lower tax rates and<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">asset protection.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Duties of A Trustee<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the legal owner of the trust and the person who manages it, the trustee gains a lot of power in controlling how the trust works. They own the trust assets and distribute those assets to the beneficiaries. But, the trustee has to operate its trust in line with its objectives and maintain the trust property in the best interests of beneficiaries. The trustee must act honestly and in good faith, and abide by any rules set by the trust deed (the document that outlines how the trust operates).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/duties-and-responsibilities-of-a-trustee\/\">trustee duties<\/a> may be adjusted by the trust deed when you create it. If the trust deed does not change these duties, then they apply. These include duties to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">invest trust funds and trust assets prudently;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">act impartially towards the beneficiaries;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">act unanimously if there is more than one trustee;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">avoid a conflict of interest between the trustee and the beneficiaries;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">not profit from the trust (unless the trust deed allows it);<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">not bind trustees to future discretion;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">keep proper books and records; and<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">consider the full consequences of whether they exercise their power or not.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"not-prose\">0800 005 570<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    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However, both have to fulfil the duties of being a trustee.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <\/span><b>corporate trustee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a company. Usually, this company has been set up with the express purpose of being a trustee. Such trustee companies already exist, but many trusts with corporate trustees will create an entirely new company to manage the trust as a trustee. The company owns the assets as a separate legal entity. The directors of the company will handle the day to day management of the trust.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An <\/span><b>individual trustee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a person who carries out the trustee duties. The assets of the trust will be in this person\u2019s name, but they still have to distribute the income from that trust to the beneficiaries. A trust can have multiple trustees, and they all have to fulfil the objective of the trust.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How Does This Play Out?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trust Management<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a company manages your assets, this makes it easier to tell the difference between the trust\u2019s assets and personal assets. An individual trustee will have everything in the same name, so there is not this extra level of separation. The directors of a company may also have more specialised commercial knowledge than an individual trustee who is managing a trust. Also, if an individual trustee dies, there is a lengthy process to choose a replacement. A corporate trustee avoids that.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, there is an extra set of legal obligations that a company must follow. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--info box--icon\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There may be certain situations where these conflict with the interests of the trust. Having an individual trustee is a much simpler set up, and more confidential if you wish.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Liability<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The trustee is responsible for any losses suffered by the trust. For an individual, this makes them personally liable &#8211; this may not be what you want in your situation. For a corporate trustee, the company itself is liable, but not the individuals that direct the company and manage the trust. As long as the company director has not acted recklessly or against the law, then they do not have personal liability as the trustee. This offers an extra level of protection for your assets and your own business affairs.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A trust must have trustees to maintain and manage it. Trustees have a responsibility to that trust and the people that benefit from it and have a set of duties that make up that responsibility. You can choose a company as a corporate trustee, or a person as an individual trustee to fulfil that role. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you would like more information about corporate trustees or trusts in general, our experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-lawyers-lp-new-zealand\">business structuring lawyers<\/a>\u00a0can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0800 005 570<\/a> or visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880228344\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is the difference between a corporate trustee and an individual trustee?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">It is a trustee\u2019s job to manage and maintain a trust for the benefit of its beneficiaries. An individual trustee is a person who fulfils these duties, and a corporate trustee is a company that does so.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880258379\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Why have a corporate trustee for a trust?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Companies operate in the law as separate legal entities. This means that they can do a lot of the same things a person can do &#8211; such as be trustees. Because of the special nature of a company, this can mean more protection for your assets and limited liability.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606880271477\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is a trust?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A trust is a legal relationship that happens when a settlor gives or sells property for a trustee to maintain for the benefit of beneficiaries. The trust holds this property and may generate income for the beneficiaries.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1606989773267\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>What is a trustee?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A trustee is the recorded owner of the assets held in a trust and is responsible for the management of the trust. A trustee has mandatory duties they must follow to manage that trust in an effective way.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"ed19fd34f0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/what-is-the-difference-between-a-corporate-trustee-and-an-individual-trustee-in-nz\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"Corporate vs Individual Trustees in NZ\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When you are setting up a trust, a key part of the process is deciding who you would like for your trustees. This depends on the purpose of your trust, and how you want it to function in the future. Depending on those circumstances, who you choose for your trustees may change. This article will<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/business-structures\/what-is-the-difference-between-a-corporate-trustee-and-an-individual-trustee-in-nz\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;Corporate vs Individual Trustees in NZ&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13217,"featured_media":100,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1713,202230,203079,202550,1802,202505","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[24,25,44,54,284,295],"class_list":["post-1749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-structures","tag-startup","tag-small-business","tag-trust","tag-medium-business","tag-corporate-trustee","tag-individual-trustee"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Corporate vs Individual Trustees in NZ | LegalVision New Zealand<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you looking to set up a trust in New Zealand? 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