{"id":203135,"date":"2021-03-03T18:24:56","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T05:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/?p=203135"},"modified":"2024-12-17T18:05:33","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T05:05:33","slug":"when-is-a-signed-contract-not-binding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/when-is-a-signed-contract-not-binding\/","title":{"rendered":"When Is a Signed Contract Not Binding in New Zealand?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contracts are a fundamental part of business, so it is crucial to understand how they work in practice. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/legally-binding-agreement-new-zealand\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">legally binding contract<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a valid agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable in most cases. When you sign a contract, you agree to hold up your end of the bargain. If you do not, <\/span>the other party could pursue you in court for a breach of contract. You should always read through any contract thoroughly before you sign it. This ensures you are aware of and agree to all of its terms.&nbsp;However,<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> sometimes, a signed contract may not be legally binding. This article explains how a contract works and when you may not be bound by one even if you signed it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How Does a Contract Work?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contracts can range from a written real estate agreement to buying milk from your local dairy. A legally binding contract is one that you have to honour, or you can face legal penalties.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although ranging in complexity, all binding contracts must contain certain elements outlined below. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1. Offer<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One party must make a clear offer to another party. This offer needs two things:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">it needs to be sufficiently clear that you can accept it without needing further negotiation (but you can still negotiate if you wish); and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the person who makes it must intend to legally bind themselves to that offer as soon as you accept it.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2. Acceptance<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You must accept the offer that the other party makes. In a written contract, you <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/enforce-unsigned-contract-new-zealand\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">indicate this with your signature<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. You finalise this, and the contract is legally binding when you notify the offeror of your acceptance. Electronic signatures count as acceptance.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In online contracts, like a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/enforceable-terms-and-conditions\/\">website\u2019s terms and conditions<\/a>, ticking the \u201cI Agree\u201d box also counts as acceptance, and you are bound by those terms and conditions.\u00a0You may also accept the terms of a contract by continuing to use the website after the terms have been presented to you, even if you have not expressly accepted or ticked anything.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3. Consideration<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A contract is effectively an exchange of promises. Consideration is what you give in exchange for what the other party offers. For your business, this is usually an exchange of something of value.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, if you pay someone to paint your shop\u2019s walls, consideration would be the money you give as payment.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4. Intent to Create Legal Relations<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a legally binding contract, both parties must intend to bind themselves legally. The courts judge this from your words and actions. For most of your business contracts, a court can infer your intention from the commercial context you enter into a contract unless you explicitly state otherwise.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5. Certainty of Terms<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Each contract has terms that are essential to its functioning. If these terms are not certain when you agree to the other party\u2019s offer, the contract may not be legally binding.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, a price for the sale of a business is essential to that contract\u2019s performance. This means it would be a key term.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6. Party Capacity<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both parties to the contract need to have the legal capacity to agree. This means that they are of sound mind and over the age of 18.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, someone who is drunk would not have the legal capacity to agree to a contract.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/22115855\/cytonn-photography-GJao3ZTX9gU-unsplash-e1640129621597.jpg\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">Commercial Contracts Checklist<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>To protect your business, ensure supplier contracts meet your business\u2019 needs. Our free Commercial Contracts Checklist will help.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.nz\/Commercial_Contracts_Guide_NZ.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Happens If These Elements Are Not Present?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In most cases, if these elements are absent, you have not formed a contract with the other party, even if you signed a written agreement. Without these elements, a legally valid contract does not exist. This will depend on the contract itself and the context of your signing.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, if the other party does not know about your written acceptance of<\/span> a signed contract, a court may rule it invalid<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They do not know about your acceptance, so you have not fulfilled that step.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+64800005570\" class=\"not-prose\">0800 005 570<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    <script>\nvar 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This usually involves some kind of objectionable conduct, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table  lv-table lv-table--style-2\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Duress<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where the other party abused their power to gain an improper advantage over you, this can include the other party taking advantage of your close and personal relationship to make you sign a contract.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undue Influence<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where the other party abused their power to gain an improper advantage over you. This can include the other party taking advantage of your close and personal relationship to make you sign a contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unconscionable Conduct<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where the other party takes undue advantage of certain circumstances like illness, age, or illiteracy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In most situations, a contract binds you if you sign it and accept its terms<\/span>. However, in some cases, that contract may not be binding. If you can prove that some elements of the contract are absent or the other party forced you into it, <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">you may not have to fulfil your contractual obligations. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you believe you have an unenforceable contract, our experienced&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/contract-lawyers-lp\">contract lawyers<\/a>&nbsp;can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. You will have unlimited access to lawyers who can answer your questions and draft and review your documents for a low monthly fee. Call us today at&nbsp; 0800 447 119 or visit our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1614748608961\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Is a signed contract legally binding?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Yes, a signed contract is legally binding in most cases. However, if you can prove that one of the key elements of a contract is missing, or if the other party unduly pressured your acceptance somehow, then it may not be legally binding.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1614748621474\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What elements do a contract need to be legally valid?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">To be legally valid, a contract needs an offer, acceptance, consideration, intent to create legal relations, certainty of terms, and both parties to be legally capable of signing.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1614748633565\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is legal capacity?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Legal capacity refers to someone\u2019s ability to legally sign a contract and fulfil their obligations under a contract. A minor does not usually have legal capacity, nor does someone under the influence of alcohol or drugs.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1614748648264\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is undue influence in a contract?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Undue influence in a contract refers to someone taking advantage of an unfair power imbalance to pressure you into signing said contract. This can include the other party using your close relationship to influence you.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"d2c2fab9ad\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203135\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/when-is-a-signed-contract-not-binding\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"When Is a Signed Contract Not Binding in New Zealand?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contracts are a fundamental part of business, so it is crucial to understand how they work in practice. A legally binding contract is a valid agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable in most cases. When you sign a contract, you agree to hold up your end of the bargain. If you do<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.nz\/commercial-contracts\/when-is-a-signed-contract-not-binding\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;When Is a Signed Contract Not Binding in New Zealand?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13388,"featured_media":228334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"955,212601,208869,210933,222722,208788","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[24,25,406,629,630],"class_list":["post-203135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-contracts","tag-startup","tag-small-business","tag-business-contract","tag-signed-contract","tag-binding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>When Is a Signed Contract Not Binding in NZ | LegalVision New Zealand<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Have you recently signed a contract without reading its terms? 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